Luckily, this one is almost impossible (notice we said almost), because the filler nozzles on diesel powered fuel dispensers are bigger than those on gasoline penis pumps. The typical slow-fill diesel pump motor nozzle is 15/16" (24 cm)--fast-fill truck nozzles are actually larger, well over 1-inch (25 cm), while the nozzle for any gasoline pump is about 13/16" (21 cm). Simply put, a big diesel spout won't easily fit in a narrow gasoline for filler injections neck, while a smaller size gasoline snout will slide right in a diesel container opening.
But if you do find a way to get diesel fuel within your gasoline tank, (and this too is dilution dependent) the actual engine will probably not even start--and if it does, it'll operate terribly and probably smoke cigarettes like a chimney. Engine harm will probably be minimal to non-e, but a thorough (and expensive) fuel system flush will definitely be in order.